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Globally, India ranks 3rd in terms of volume and 14th in terms of value. According to Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, the total turnover of India's pharmaceuticals industry between 2008 and September 2009 was 21.04 billion. Mumbai, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad are the major pharmaceutical hubs of India.〔 While the domestic market is worth 13.8 billion as of 2013, and is expected to reach 49 billion by 2020〔https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/pharma/PwC-CII-pharma-Summit-Report-22Nov.pdf〕 The government started to encourage the growth of drug manufacturing by Indian companies in the early 1960s, and with the Patents Act in 1970.〔http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/IPcourse/patent.html〕 However, economic liberalization in 90s by the former Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and the then Finance Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh enabled the industry to become what it is today. This patent act removed composition patents from food and drugs, and though it kept process patents, these were shortened to a period of five to seven years. The lack of patent protection made the Indian market undesirable to the multinational companies that had dominated the market, and while they streamed out. Indian companies carved a niche in both the Indian and world markets with their expertise in reverse-engineering new processes for manufacturing drugs at low costs. Although some of the larger companies have taken baby steps towards drug innovation, the industry as a whole has been following this business model until the present.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The effects of patent-law changes on innovation: The case of India's pharmaceutical industry )〕 India's biopharmaceutical industry clocked a 17 percent growth with revenues of Rs.137 billion ($3 billion) in the 2009-10 financial year over the previous fiscal. Bio-pharma was the biggest contributor generating 60 percent of the industry's growth at Rs.8,829 crore, followed by bio-services at Rs.2,639 crore and bio-agri at Rs.1,936 crore. c India's health care sector is estimated to reach $197 billion by 2017-18 ==Pharma Statistics== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pharmaceutical industry in India」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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